初中英語同義句轉換的7種重要類型
通過對近幾年的中考英語試題中同義句轉換題的分析，我們發(fā)現中考英語同義句轉換題主要考查以下幾個方面：
? 反義詞否定式的轉換
即用反義詞或詞組的否定式表達與原句相同的意思，主要考查學生對反義詞(詞組)的積累和換位思維的能力。如：
1、It’s clear that this visit is different from last time.
It’s clear that this visit is not the___ ___last time.
答案：same as
解析：be different from意為“與……不同”;the same as意為“與……相同”，其否定式與be different from同義。
2、I think wealth is less important than health.
I ___ think wealth is ___ important than health.
答案：為don’t，more
解析：less important的意思是“沒有(不及)……重要”;more important的意思是“(比)……更重要”，該結構與not連用，則表示“不比……更重要”。
另外，有的反義詞即使不與否定詞連用，而只需改變句子結構也可構成同義句。如：
He lent some money to his friend.
He friend ___ some money ___ him.
答案：為borrowed，from
解析：borrow…from...意為“向……借……”;lend…to...意為“把……借給……”。兩個結構意思相反，但若變換“借出者”與“借入者”的位置，則可轉換為同義句。
?同義詞進行轉換
用同義詞或同義詞組對原句中的某些詞或詞組進行替換，注意轉換后的詞或詞組的詞形變化要與句子其他成分相適應。如：
1、That day we could see flowers here and there.
That day we could see flowers __________.
答案：everywhere
解析：everywhere與here and there都表示“到處”。
2、The teacher always takes good care of the children in the school.
The teacher always______ _____the children well in the school.
答案：looks after
解析：take good care of與look after…well都表示“好好照顧”。
? 不同語態(tài)進行轉換
即運用主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的變化來轉換同義詞，但此時要特別注意時態(tài)、動詞一致性。如：
1、Everyone should give back his library books on time.
Library books should____ ____ ____ on time.
答案：be given back
解析：被動句中含有情態(tài)動詞should，因此助動詞用be。
2、It is widely accepted that more people use computers in the world today.
It is widely accepted that computers ____ widely ___ in the world today.
答案：為are，used
解析：computers是復數名詞，助動詞用are。
? 非延續(xù)性與延續(xù)性動詞轉換
即非延續(xù)性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞進行轉換，此時往往會涉及時態(tài)的變化。如：
1、The manager left two hours ago.
The manager _____ ____ ____ for two hours.
答案：has been away
解析：leave為非延續(xù)性動詞，不能與for two hours這樣的一段時間連用，而改成be away這樣的延續(xù)性動詞后，則可連用一段時間。
2、The film began five minutes ago.
The film has been _____ _____ five minutes.
答案：on for
解析：has been提示時態(tài)是現在完成時態(tài)，“for 時間段”表示“持續(xù)(一段時間)”，常用在含有現在完成時態(tài)的句子里。
3、Mr Li joined the Party twenty years ago.
Mr Li _____ _____ _____ the Party for twenty years.
答案：has been in
解析：短暫動詞join，意為“參加、加入(組織，政黨)”，不能與延續(xù)時間狀語連用，與延續(xù)性時間狀語連用時，將join改成be in或be a member in…。
? 不同引語進行轉換
即將直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語或將間接引語轉換成直接引語。此時還要注意相關時態(tài)、人稱、動詞、狀語等相應的變化。如：
1、“I’ve found my wallet,” he said to me.
He _________ me that he _________ _________ his wallet.
答案：told，had found
解析：此題是將直接引語轉換成間接引語。
2、“Did you see her last week?” he said.
He _______ _______ I had seen her the week _______.
答案：asked if/ whether, before
解析：此題是將疑問句的直接引語轉換成間接引語。
?簡單句與復合句的轉換
即將簡單句變成同義的復合句或將復合句變成同義的簡單句。如：
1、We didn’t go out for a walk because it was raining.
We didn’t go out for a walk _______ _______ the rain.
答案：because of
解析：將原因狀語從句because it was raining改為表示原因的介詞短語because of the rain。
2、He was so excited that he couldn’t go to sleep.
He was ______ ______ ______ go to sleep.
答案：too excited to
解析：將so…that…換成too…to…結構，原句的that從句為結果狀語從句，改寫句中的`不定式仍表結果。
3、Now I will show you how to do the work.
Now I will show you ______ ______ ______ do the work.
答案：how you can
解析：即將原句中的“疑問詞+不定式”結構轉換成賓語從句。
4、You should put them back after you use them.
You should put them back _____ _____ them.
答案：after using
解析：即將after引導的狀語從句改寫為after引導的介詞短語。
? 關聯連詞連接或合并句子
即運用關聯連詞both…and…，neither…nor…，either…or…，not only…but also…等將兩個簡單句合并為一個簡單句。此時要注意的是，both…and…連接兩個主語時，謂語總是用復數，而neither…nor…，either…or…，not only…but also…連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞通常應與靠近的主語保持一致。如：
1、Tom can’t speak Japanese well and Jim can’t, either.
______ Tom ______ Jim can speak Japanese well.
答案：Neither，nor
解析：neither…nor…表示“……和……(兩者)都不”，剛好與原句的兩個否定結構的意思相吻合。
2、Alice has read the book and Peter has read it, too.
______ Alice ______ Peter have read the book.
答案：Both，and
解析：both…and…的意思是“……和……(兩者)都”。
3、This store sells men’s shoes, and it also sells men’s clothes.
This store sells ______ ______ men’s shoes ______ ______ men’s clothes.
答案：not only，but also
解析：not only…but also…表示“不僅……而且……”之意。
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