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高考英語輔導(dǎo)續(xù)：情態(tài)動詞考查熱點(diǎn)透視2
二、“情態(tài)動詞+完成式”
1. “should（ought to）+完成式”表示本應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上沒有做。其否定式表示某種行為不該發(fā)生但卻發(fā)生了。
①—I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
— You________ her last week. （2004年福建卷）
A． ought to tell
B． would have told
C． must tell
D． should have told
②Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach, I _____ so much fried chicken just now. （2002年上海春季卷）
A. shouldn’t eat
B. mustn’t have eaten
C. shouldn’t have eaten
D. mustn’t eat
Key: D C
2. “could+完成式”表示本來能夠做成某事的但結(jié)果沒能做成，含有遺憾的意味。
He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free. （2005年山東卷）
A. could B. would
C. must D. need
Key：A
3. “needn’t+不定式的完成式”表示本來不必做某事而實(shí)際上做了某事。例如：
You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你本不需要澆花的，因?yàn)樘炀鸵掠炅恕?/P>
— Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
— Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself. （2005年福建卷）
A. needn’t do
B. needn’t have done
C. mustn’t do
D. shouldn’t have done
Key: B
三、常見的情態(tài)動詞
1. shall用于一、三人稱疑問句表示征求對方意見；用于二、三人稱陳述句表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅等。
①“The interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides，” declared the judge. （2004年重慶卷）
A. mayB. should
C. mustD. shall
②—Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.
— You ______ have my computer if you don’t take care of it. （2004年湖南卷）
A. shan’t B. might not
C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
③ — The room is so dirty. ______ we clean it?
— Of course. （2003年北京春季卷）
A. Will B. Shall
C. Would D. Do
Key: D A B
2. must用于疑問句，表示責(zé)備、抱怨的感情色彩，意思為“偏偏，偏要”；mustn’t表示禁止，是說話人強(qiáng)有力的勸告。
①John, look at the time. _______ you play the piano at such a late hour？ （2005年全國卷Ⅲ）
A. Must B. Can
C. May D. Need
②Tom, you leave all your clothes on the floor like this！ （2005年全國卷Ⅰ）
A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t
C. needn’t D. may not
Key: A B
3. needn’t表示“沒有必要”。
— Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.
— She ______. I’ve already borrowed one. （2005年湖南卷）
A. can’t B. mustn’t
C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
Key: C
4. would表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或某種傾向。
When he was there, he ___ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.（1996年上海卷）
A. would B. should
C. had better D. might
Key: A
5. 表示經(jīng)過努力而成功的某一次動作，只能用was/were able to，而不能用could。
The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _____ get out. （1997年全國卷）
A. had to B. would
C. was able to D. could
Key：C
6. 考查情態(tài)動詞用作答語的情況
①—Write to me when you get home.
— _______. （2001年北京春季卷）
A. I must B. I should
C. I will D. I can
② — Could I call you by your first name？
—Yes, you ______. （1998年上海卷）
A. will B. could
C. may D. might
Key：C C
鞏固練習(xí)：
1. Michael ______ be a policeman, for he is much too short.
A. needn’t B. can’t
C. should D. may
2. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ____ for her.
A. had to write it out
B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out
D. ought to write it out
3. Jack _____ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.
A. mustn’t have arrived
B. shouldn’t have arrived
C. can’t have arrived
D. needn’t have arrived
4. Sir, you ______be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only.
A. mustn’t B. can’t
C. won’t D. needn’t
5. A left-luggage office is a place where bags _______ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.
A. should B. can
C. must D. will
6. — Is John coming by train?
— He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can
C. need D. may
7. It has been announced that candidates _______ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
A. can B. will
C. may D. shall
8. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ______ be so rude to a lady.
A. might B. need
C. should D. would
9. —Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
—_______.
A. I don’t B. I won’t
C. I can’t D. I haven’t
10. I didn’t see her in the meeting-room this morning. She ______ at the meeting.
A. mustn’t have spoken
B. shouldn’t have spoken
C. needn’t have spoken
D. couldn’t have spoken
答案與解析
1. B 從第二個(gè)分句“他太矮了”可以推知說話者持否定態(tài)度，needn’t意思是“沒有必要”，與語境不符。
2. C 根據(jù)句意“我已經(jīng)告訴她怎樣到那兒，但是或許我應(yīng)該給她寫下來”可知，說話者含有“后悔、遺憾”的意味，應(yīng)使用“情態(tài)動詞+完成式”形式，“must+完成式”表示對過去的肯定推測，“should+完成式”才表示虛擬意義。
3. C 根據(jù)第二分句“否則的話他就會給我打電話了”可知“Jack肯定還沒到”，“can’t+完成式”意思是“根本不可能”。
4. A 從第二分句可知，這是婦女和兒童專用候車室，因此你“不準(zhǔn)”坐在這兒。mustn’t表示“禁止，不準(zhǔn)”。
5. B can在此表示許可。
6. D 從后一句“他喜歡開車”可知說話者把握不大。must not不表示推測，can not的語氣太絕對，意思是“根本不可能”。
7. D shall用于第二、三人稱，表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾、威脅等意思。
8. C should在此表示驚訝的感情色彩，意思是“竟然”。
9. B 對祈使句的肯定回答用I will；否定回答用I won’t。
10. D 根據(jù)句意“我今天上午在會議室沒見到她”， 所以“她根本不可能在會上發(fā)言”。表示“根本不可能”用can’t/couldn’t have done形式。
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